Writers Canon

U.S. public schools are responsible for educating large numbers of students with disabilities and English language learners-some 20 percent of the nation’s 46 million public school students fall into one or both of these categories. Both of these populations have been increasing, and the demand for evidence of their academic progress has also grown.

In response to both changing public expectations and legal mandates, the federal government, states, and districts have attempted to include more such students in educational assessments. Testing these two groups of students, however, poses particular challenges. Many of these students have attributes such as physical, emotional, or learning disabilities or limited fluency in English that may prevent them from readily demonstrating what they know or can do on a test. In order to allow these students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills, testing accommodations are used. For the purpose of this report, we have defined testing accommodations by drawing from the definition in the AERA/APA/NCME Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (American Educational Research Association et al., 1999). Our adapted definition is as follows: accommodation is used as the general term for any action taken in response to a determination that an individual’s disability or level of English language development requires a departure from established testing protocol. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 has established the goal for states of including all of their students with disabilities and English language learners in their assessments. For this part, learning a foreign language needs a leaning tools, many students choose Rosetta Stone German and Rosetta Stone Hebrew to learn German and Hebrew.At the same time, the sponsors of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) hope to increase the participation of these groups of students in NAEP assessments. The use of accommodations provides an important means for increasing inclusion rates for these groups. In identifying appropriate accommodations, policy makers must consider the specific characteristics of the test-takers and the nature of the skills and knowledge (referred to as “constructs”) to be tested.